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Glossary

300 terms used in fund factsheets, policy pages, loan papers and tax forms.

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12B declaration

Tax A form many employers use so that tax is deducted using your declared savings and rent details.

80C

Tax A section of the Income Tax Act that allows certain savings and insurance premiums as a deduction if you use the old regime.

80CCD

Tax The section that covers National Pension System contributions by employee and employer.

80D

Tax The section that allows a deduction for health insurance premiums under the old regime.

87A rebate

Tax A rebate that can bring tax to zero if taxable income stays within the notified limit under the new regime.

A

Aadhaar KYC

Regulation Identity verification using Aadhaar so a fund house or insurer can open an account.

Accrued interest

Markets Accrued interest is a term you will see in markets documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Active fund

Funds A scheme where the manager picks securities and tries to beat a stated benchmark after fees.

AIF Category I

Funds AIF Category I is a term you will see in funds documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

AIF Category II

Tax AIF Category II is a term you will see in tax documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

AIF Category III

Banking AIF Category III is a term you will see in banking documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Alpha

Insurance Alpha is a term you will see in insurance documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

AMC

Planning AMC is a term you will see in planning documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

AMFI

Regulation Association of Mutual Funds in India. It publishes industry data and the ARN system for distributors.

AMFI code

Macro AMFI code is a term you will see in macro documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Annualised return

Loans Annualised return is a term you will see in loans documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Annuity

Insurance A contract that pays a regular income, often bought with part of an NPS corpus at exit.

Application supported by blocked amount

Bonds Application supported by blocked amount is a term you will see in bonds documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Arbitrage fund

Regulation Arbitrage fund is a term you will see in regulation documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

ARN

Regulation AMFI Registration Number held by a mutual fund distributor.

Asset allocation

Planning The split of money across equity, debt, gold and cash.

Asset management company

Markets Asset management company is a term you will see in markets documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

AUM

Funds Assets under management. The market value of money a scheme or fund house runs.

B

Balanced advantage fund

Funds Balanced advantage fund is a term you will see in funds documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Bank guarantee

Tax Bank guarantee is a term you will see in tax documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Bank rate

Banking A policy rate published by the Reserve Bank. It is not the rate on your savings account.

Base rate

Banking Base rate is a term you will see in banking documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Basis point

Markets One hundredth of a percentage point. Written as bps.

Benchmark

Funds The index a scheme says it will be measured against.

Benchmark index

Insurance Benchmark index is a term you will see in insurance documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Beneficial owner

Planning Beneficial owner is a term you will see in planning documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Beta

Markets A rough measure of how much a stock or fund moves when the market moves.

Bid-ask spread

Macro Bid-ask spread is a term you will see in macro documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Blue chip

Loans Blue chip is a term you will see in loans documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Bond

Markets A loan you make to a government or company that pays interest and returns principal on a date.

Bond ladder

Bonds Bond ladder is a term you will see in bonds documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Bonus share

Markets Extra shares given to existing holders without taking fresh money.

Bonus units

Regulation Bonus units is a term you will see in regulation documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Book closure

Markets Book closure is a term you will see in markets documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Book value

Funds Book value is a term you will see in funds documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

BSE

Markets BSE Limited, an Indian stock exchange.

Bullion

Gold Gold or silver in bar or coin form, priced close to the metal rate.

Business cycle fund

Tax Business cycle fund is a term you will see in tax documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Buy and hold

Banking Buy and hold is a term you will see in banking documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

C

CAGR

Maths Compound annual growth rate. The constant yearly rate that takes a start value to an end value.

Call money

Insurance Call money is a term you will see in insurance documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Call option

Markets A contract that gives the right, not the duty, to buy at a set price by a set date.

Capital adequacy

Planning Capital adequacy is a term you will see in planning documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Capital gain

Tax Profit on sale of a capital asset such as units, shares or property.

Capital protection oriented

Macro Capital protection oriented is a term you will see in macro documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

CASA

Bonds CASA is a term you will see in bonds documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Cash equivalent

Loans Cash equivalent is a term you will see in loans documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

CDSL

Markets A depositories company that holds demat securities in electronic form.

Cess

Tax An extra charge on tax, such as health and education cess.

CIBIL

Regulation CIBIL is a term you will see in regulation documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Closed ended fund

Markets Closed ended fund is a term you will see in markets documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Collateral

Funds Collateral is a term you will see in funds documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Commercial paper

Tax Commercial paper is a term you will see in tax documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Commodity

Banking Commodity is a term you will see in banking documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Compound interest

Maths Interest earned on both the original sum and earlier interest.

Conservative hybrid

Insurance Conservative hybrid is a term you will see in insurance documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Contagion

Planning Contagion is a term you will see in planning documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Contingency fund

Macro Contingency fund is a term you will see in macro documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Contingent deferred sales charge

Funds An exit load that falls as you stay longer in a scheme.

Contract note

Loans Contract note is a term you will see in loans documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Convexity

Bonds Convexity is a term you will see in bonds documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Corporate bond fund

Regulation Corporate bond fund is a term you will see in regulation documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Cost inflation index

Markets Cost inflation index is a term you will see in markets documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Counterparty risk

Funds Counterparty risk is a term you will see in funds documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Coupon

Tax Coupon is a term you will see in tax documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Credit default

Banking Credit default is a term you will see in banking documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Credit rating

Markets An opinion on default risk published by a rating agency.

Credit risk fund

Insurance Credit risk fund is a term you will see in insurance documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Credit score

Banking A number used by lenders to judge how you have repaid past loans.

CRR

Banking Cash reserve ratio. The share of deposits banks must keep with the RBI.

Cumulative FD

Planning Cumulative FD is a term you will see in planning documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Currency risk

Macro Currency risk is a term you will see in macro documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Current account deficit

Macro When a country pays more to the world for goods, services and income than it receives.

Current yield

Loans Current yield is a term you will see in loans documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Custodial fee

Bonds Custodial fee is a term you will see in bonds documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Custodian

Funds The bank that holds the securities of a mutual fund.

D

Daily cut-off

Regulation Daily cut-off is a term you will see in regulation documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Debenture

Markets Debenture is a term you will see in markets documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Debt ETF

Funds Debt ETF is a term you will see in funds documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Debt fund

Funds A scheme that invests mainly in bonds and money market instruments.

Declared NAV

Tax Declared NAV is a term you will see in tax documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Deductible

Banking Deductible is a term you will see in banking documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Default option

NPS The NPS mix used if you do not choose an asset allocation.

Deferred annuity

Insurance Deferred annuity is a term you will see in insurance documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Defined benefit

Planning Defined benefit is a term you will see in planning documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Defined contribution

Macro Defined contribution is a term you will see in macro documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Demat account

Markets An account that holds shares and units in electronic form.

Depository

Loans Depository is a term you will see in loans documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Depository participant

Markets The agent through which you open and run a demat account.

Derivative

Bonds Derivative is a term you will see in bonds documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Development financial institution

Regulation Development financial institution is a term you will see in regulation documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Direct equity

Markets Direct equity is a term you will see in markets documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Direct plan

Funds A mutual fund plan bought without a distributor. It has a lower expense ratio than the regular plan.

Dirty price

Funds Dirty price is a term you will see in funds documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Discounted cash flow

Tax Discounted cash flow is a term you will see in tax documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Disinvestment

Banking Disinvestment is a term you will see in banking documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Diversification

Insurance Diversification is a term you will see in insurance documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Dividend

Markets A cash payout from a company or, in older language, from a fund. Fund payouts now use IDCW.

Dividend yield

Planning Dividend yield is a term you will see in planning documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Dollar cost averaging

Macro Dollar cost averaging is a term you will see in macro documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Dollar index

Macro A measure of the US dollar against a basket of other major currencies.

Domestic institutional investor

Loans Domestic institutional investor is a term you will see in loans documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Drawdown

Bonds Drawdown is a term you will see in bonds documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Duration

Bonds A measure of how much a bond price moves when yields change.

Dynamic asset allocation

Markets Dynamic asset allocation is a term you will see in markets documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Dynamic bond fund

Regulation Dynamic bond fund is a term you will see in regulation documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

E

Early withdrawal

Funds Early withdrawal is a term you will see in funds documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Earnings yield

Tax Earnings yield is a term you will see in tax documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Effective tax rate

Banking Effective tax rate is a term you will see in banking documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Electronic bank guarantee

Insurance Electronic bank guarantee is a term you will see in insurance documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

ELSS

Funds Equity linked saving scheme. An equity fund with a three year lock.

Embedded value

Planning Embedded value is a term you will see in planning documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Emergency fund

Planning Cash or a liquid fund set aside for job loss, illness or urgent repair.

EMI

Loans Equated monthly instalment on a loan.

Employee stock option

Macro Employee stock option is a term you will see in macro documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Endowment plan

Insurance A life policy that mixes cover with a savings component.

EPF

Retirement Employees Provident Fund, a retirement pot for many salaried staff.

EPS

Retirement Employees Pension Scheme, linked to EPF.

Equity fund

Funds A scheme that invests mainly in shares.

ER

Funds See expense ratio.

Escrow

Loans Escrow is a term you will see in loans documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

ESG fund

Funds A scheme that screens companies using environmental, social and governance rules.

Estate

Bonds Estate is a term you will see in bonds documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Ex-date

Markets The date after which a buyer does not get the declared dividend or bonus.

Ex-dividend

Markets Ex-dividend is a term you will see in markets documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Exchange rate

Regulation Exchange rate is a term you will see in regulation documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Exchange traded fund

Funds A fund that trades on the exchange like a stock.

Exit load

Funds A fee charged if you redeem units before a stated period.

Expected return

Funds Expected return is a term you will see in funds documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Expense ratio

Funds The annual cost of running a scheme, taken from the fund.

Expiry date

Tax Expiry date is a term you will see in tax documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Exposure limit

Banking Exposure limit is a term you will see in banking documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

F

Face value

Markets The printed value of a share or bond, not the market price.

Factsheet

Insurance Factsheet is a term you will see in insurance documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Fair value

Planning Fair value is a term you will see in planning documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Family floater

Macro Family floater is a term you will see in macro documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

FATCA

Loans FATCA is a term you will see in loans documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

FD

Banking Fixed deposit. A bank deposit for a fixed term at a stated rate.

Fed funds rate

Macro The US policy rate set by the Federal Reserve.

Fee-only advisor

Bonds Fee-only advisor is a term you will see in bonds documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

FII

Markets Older name for foreign institutional investor. Now usually FPI.

Fiscal deficit

Regulation Fiscal deficit is a term you will see in regulation documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Fixed income

Markets Fixed income is a term you will see in markets documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Fixed maturity plan

Funds Fixed maturity plan is a term you will see in funds documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Flexi cap

Tax Flexi cap is a term you will see in tax documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Floater fund

Banking Floater fund is a term you will see in banking documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Floating rate

Loans A loan rate that changes when the lender benchmark changes.

Folio

Funds Your account number with a fund house or registrar.

Forex reserve

Insurance Forex reserve is a term you will see in insurance documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Form 15G

Planning Form 15G is a term you will see in planning documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Form 15H

Macro Form 15H is a term you will see in macro documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

Form 16

Loans Form 16 is a term you will see in loans documents and statements. Read the product note for the exact rule that applies to your account. If two products use this word, check whether the lock, fee and tax are the same.

FPI

Markets Foreign portfolio investor.

Free float

Markets Shares that can actually trade, excluding promoter lock-ins.

Fund of funds

Funds A scheme that buys other schemes or offshore funds.

Futures

Markets A contract to buy or sell an asset on a future date at a price set now.

G

G-sec

Bonds A government security issued by the Government of India.

Gilt fund

Funds A scheme that invests in government securities.

GST

Tax Goods and Services Tax on many goods and services.

H

Health rider

Insurance An add-on to a life or health policy for extra cover.

Hedge

Markets A position taken to reduce the risk of another position.

Holding period

Tax The time you hold an asset. It decides short term or long term tax.

HRA

Tax House rent allowance paid by an employer.

Hybrid fund

Funds A scheme that holds both equity and debt.

I

IDCW

Funds Income distribution cum capital withdrawal. The current name for fund payouts.

Index fund

Funds A scheme built to match a published index.

Indexation

Tax An older method that raised the cost of an asset using inflation. Rules change by asset and year.

Inflation

Macro A rise in the general price level. It reduces what a rupee buys.

Initial public offering

Markets The first sale of a company's shares to the public.

Insurable interest

Insurance A legal link between the proposer and the life or asset insured.

Insurance premium

Insurance The price you pay to keep a policy in force.

Interest coverage

Markets A company ratio of operating profit to interest cost.

IRDAI

Regulation Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India.

ISIN

Markets The code that identifies a security.

K

KYC

Regulation Know Your Customer checks required before most financial accounts open.

L

Large cap

Markets Companies at the top of the market by listed value.

Leverage

Markets Using borrowed money or derivatives to raise exposure.

LIC

Insurance Life Insurance Corporation of India.

Liquid fund

Funds A debt scheme that holds very short instruments and allows quick redemption.

Liquidity

Markets How easily you can sell an asset without moving the price a lot.

Lock-in

Products A period during which you cannot exit, or can exit only with a cost.

LTCG

Tax Long term capital gains.

LTV

Loans Loan to value. How much of the asset price the lender will fund.

M

Mandate

SIP The bank instruction that lets a SIP debit run each month.

Maturity

Products The date a deposit, bond or policy is scheduled to pay out.

Mid cap

Markets Companies below large cap by listed value.

Modified duration

Bonds Duration adjusted so you can estimate price change for a yield change.

Money market

Markets Short term borrowing and lending, usually under one year.

Moneyness

Markets Whether an option is in, at, or out of the money.

Mortality charge

Insurance The cost of life cover inside a ULIP or similar product.

Mutual fund

Funds A pool of money run by an AMC under SEBI rules.

N

NAV

Funds Net asset value per unit.

NCD

Bonds Non convertible debenture.

NFO

Funds New fund offer. The opening period of a new scheme.

Nifty 50

Markets An index of 50 large companies listed on the NSE.

Nominee

Products The person recorded to receive the asset if you die.

NPS

Retirement National Pension System.

NSC

Small savings National Savings Certificate sold through post offices.

NSDL

Markets A depositories company that holds demat securities.

NSE

Markets National Stock Exchange of India.

O

OCT

Funds Overseas feeder or other country exposure inside some schemes.

Offer document

Funds The legal booklet that states how a scheme will invest and charge.

OPEC

Macro A group of oil exporting countries that can influence crude supply.

Option

Markets A contract that gives a right, not a duty, to buy or sell.

Overlay

Funds An extra strategy, often currency or derivatives, on top of a core portfolio.

P

P/B ratio

Markets Price to book value.

PAN

Tax Permanent Account Number used for tax and most investments.

Passbook

Banking A record of a bank or small savings account.

PE ratio

Markets Price to earnings. Price of a share divided by earnings per share.

Pension

Retirement A regular payment after work, from NPS, EPS or an annuity.

Personal loan

Loans An unsecured loan repaid by EMI.

Policy term

Insurance The years during which the policy is in force.

Portfolio

Planning The full set of assets you hold.

Power of attorney

Legal A document that lets another person act for you.

PPF

Small savings Public Provident Fund.

Premium paying term

Insurance The years you pay premium, which can be shorter than the policy term.

Present value

Maths The value today of money that arrives later, after discounting.

Primary market

Markets Where new securities are issued, such as an IPO.

Principal

Loans The amount borrowed, before interest.

Private equity

Markets Unlisted company ownership, usually not available in a retail MF.

Put option

Markets A contract that gives the right to sell at a set price by a set date.

R

RBI

Regulation Reserve Bank of India, the central bank.

RD

Banking Recurring deposit.

Real return

Maths Return after subtracting inflation.

Redemption

Funds Selling units back to the fund.

Registrar

Funds The record keeper for unit holders, such as CAMS or KFin.

Regular plan

Funds A scheme plan that includes distributor commission in the expense ratio.

Reinvestment

Planning Using interest or payouts to buy the same product again.

Repo rate

Macro The rate at which banks borrow from the RBI against securities.

Return of premium

Insurance A term plan add-on that returns premiums if you survive the term. It raises the price.

Reverse repo

Macro The rate related to RBI absorbing liquidity from banks.

Rider

Insurance An optional extra benefit on a base policy.

Risk-off

Markets A market mood where investors sell risk assets.

Risk-on

Markets A market mood where investors buy risk assets.

RTA

Funds Registrar and transfer agent.

Rule of 72

Maths A rough way to estimate doubling time: 72 divided by the annual rate.

S

SBR

Loans An external benchmark some floating loans follow.

Scheme information document

Funds The detailed legal document of a mutual fund scheme.

SEBI

Regulation Securities and Exchange Board of India.

Secondary market

Markets Where existing securities trade after issue.

Sensex

Markets A BSE index of 30 large companies.

Settlement

Markets The process that completes a trade and moves cash and securities.

SGB

Gold Sovereign Gold Bond issued by the Government of India.

Sharpe ratio

Markets A measure of extra return per unit of volatility.

SID

Funds See scheme information document.

Simple interest

Maths Interest only on the original principal.

SIP

Funds Systematic investment plan.

SLR

Banking Statutory liquidity ratio. The share of deposits banks must keep in specified assets.

Small cap

Markets Companies below mid cap by listed value.

Small savings

Products PPF, SSY, NSC, POMIS and similar government schemes.

Solvency ratio

Insurance A measure of whether an insurer holds enough capital.

Spread

Markets The gap between buy and sell prices, or between two yields.

SSY

Small savings Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana.

Stamp duty

Tax A state levy on some documents and security transfers.

Standard deduction

Tax A flat deduction from salary in the income tax computation.

STCG

Tax Short term capital gains.

Step-up SIP

Funds A SIP that raises the monthly amount on a set schedule.

Stock split

Markets A company action that increases share count and cuts the price by the same ratio.

STP

Funds Systematic transfer plan from one scheme to another.

Strike price

Markets The price at which an option can be exercised.

Sum assured

Insurance The amount the insurer has agreed to pay on the covered event.

Surrender value

Insurance What a policy pays if you stop it before maturity.

Switch

Funds Moving units from one scheme to another in the same fund house.

SWP

Funds Systematic withdrawal plan.

T

T+1

Markets Settlement one business day after the trade.

TDS

Tax Tax deducted at source.

Tenure

Loans The full period of a loan or deposit.

TER

Funds Total expense ratio. Same idea as expense ratio.

Term insurance

Insurance Life cover that pays on death during the term and has no investment value.

Tier I NPS

Retirement The main NPS account with withdrawal rules.

Tier II NPS

Retirement A more flexible NPS account without the same tax treatment.

TIN

Tax A taxpayer identification used in some older systems.

Tracking error

Funds How far an index fund's return drifts from the index.

Trail commission

Funds Ongoing commission paid to a distributor from the regular plan.

Treasury bill

Bonds A short government bill sold at a discount.

Trust deed

Funds The legal deed under which a mutual fund trust is set up.

U

ULIP

Insurance Unit linked insurance plan. Cover plus market units, with several charges.

Unclaimed dividend

Markets Payouts not collected by the holder and later moved to a designated account.

Underwriting

Insurance The insurer's process of accepting or pricing a life or health risk.

Unit

Funds A slice of a mutual fund scheme.

UPI

Banking Unified Payments Interface for instant bank transfers.

UTI

Funds A historic fund house. Also used loosely for older US-64 era products.

V

Valuation

Markets The process of putting a price on an asset.

Volatility

Markets How much a price jumps around.

VPF

Retirement Voluntary Provident Fund on top of EPF.

W

Warrant

Markets A company-issued right to buy shares at a set price.

Wealth tax

Tax A tax India used to levy on certain assets. It is not in force now.

Weighted average maturity

Bonds The average time to maturity of bonds in a fund, weighted by value.

With-profit policy

Insurance A participating policy that may add bonuses.

Working capital

Markets Current assets minus current liabilities of a company.

X

XIRR

Maths A rate of return for cash flows that do not arrive at even gaps.

Y

Yield

Bonds The return a bond offers if held on stated assumptions.

Yield curve

Bonds Yields plotted across different maturities.

Yield to maturity

Bonds The yield if a bond is held to maturity and coupons are reinvested at that yield.

Z

Zero coupon bond

Bonds A bond that pays no coupon and is issued at a discount.